trimethylglycine-homocysteine

この研究の注釈：

Supplementation of 6g betaine was able to lower plasma homocysteine, although to a level lower than 800mcg folic acid, although betaine appeared to reduce the AUC of homocysteine following methionine loading whereas folic acid was ineffective; both were effective relative to a placebo condition.

There was an increase in B12 that may have reached significance due to a decrease seen in placebo.

この研究の注釈：

A pilot study in otherwise healthy persons given 6g of betaine supplementation (two doses of 3g) over the course of three weeks was able to reduce plasma homocysteine by around 8% relative to baseline; no control group was used in this study and baseline homocysteine was 10.9uM (reduced to 10uM)

この研究の注釈：

500mg of supplemental betaine appears to be able to reduce homocysteine concentrations following an L-methionine load, but is too low a dose to affect basal levels of homocysteine in otherwise healthy men.

この研究の注釈：

In otherwise healthy adults given betaine supplementation at 4g daily for a period of six months, there was no significant influence on organ function biomarkers (kidney and liver) nor any significant influence on lipid profiles. Homocysteine was actually not significantly affected, as the 12% difference between groups (increase in placebo, stasis in supplementation) faile to reach statistical significance.

An increase was noted in apolipoprotein A1 and PAI-1.

この研究の注釈：

Six weeks supplementation of 6g TMG in otherwise healthy adults (aged 50-70) was sufficient to lower fasting plasma homocysteine (12%) which underperformed relative to 800mcg folic acid; blood flow was unaffected. Serum B12 was not affected relative to placebo, but due to a nonsignificant drop in folate and a nonsignificant rise in the TMG group there was a difference between them.

この研究の注釈：

In otherwise healthy humans given 1,500-6,000mg of betaine supplementation daily either acutely or over six weeks, the levels of homocysteine in plasma appear to be reduced with similar potency after a single dose and after six weeks in a dose-dependent manner (12-20%) and the increase in homocysteine after a methionine load is also reduced (16-35%); methoinine in plasma was increased after six weeks with the highest dose only by 60% (fasted state) and 12% (post methionine load).

この研究の注釈：

Supplementation of betaine in otherwise healthy persons without abnormal homocysteine concentrations appears to be time dependent up until five days (where the reduction in homocysteine then plateaus) and dose dependent from 1,000mg to 6,000mg, with the lowest dose only effective in homozygotes of the T allele of MTHFR.

Folate was reduced after the first dose, but readily normalized with prolonged supplementation. Conversely, the addition of folate to betaine caused a relate spike in serum folate but also normalized after continued supplementation.

この研究の注釈：

In obese subjects given supplementation of betaine at 6g daily for 12 weeks was able to decrease homocysteine (9%) relative to placebo but the decrease in total cholesterol and LDL seen in placebo was not present in betaine intervention; there was no influence on body weight. There was no influence on plasma nor RBC folate concentrations.

The increase in ALP (liver enzyme) seen in placebo was prevented with betaine.

この研究の注釈：

Supplementation of betaine at 3-6g was able to acutely suppress homocysteine in a dose-dependent manner in otherwise healthy adults, and this suppression lasted for the duration of the study period (24 hours after ingestion). 1g was ineffective.