creatine-weight

この研究の注釈：

14 Football players, no adverse health effects with creatine monohydrate supplementation.

Hepatic (liver) markers also normal, uric acid tended to decrease as well as serum glucose levels.

この研究の注釈：

Creatine loading following by 22-27 weeks of maintenance (3g creatine and 7g glucose) followed by another loading phase prior to competition failed to significantly improve sprint performance or prolonged swimming performance. There was a decline in growth hormone associated with the loading phase, but this was attenuated with maintenance and IGF-1 was unaffected.

この研究の注釈：

No measured parameters met significance, although beneficial trends were noted. Double blind, cross-over design in elite rugby players.

この研究の注釈：

Study conducted in women only, with a loading period of 5g creatine monohydrate + 18g dextrose taken four times daily.

この研究の注釈：

This 2003 meta-analysis of 100 studies found a large body of evidence that creatine monohydrate increases both power output and lean mass, but little to no evidence that it benefits aerobic and submaximal-endurance activities. No significant differences were noted between genders or between trained and untrained individuals.

この研究の注釈：

College aged men studied for 5 days during creatine loading.

Used Dicreatine citrate rather than monohydrate.

この研究の注釈：

Study supplemented all participants in a non-blinded manner, and compared different measures of body composition to see which is the most reliable.

All subjects showed an increase in weight at 20g daily.

この研究の注釈：

Creatine dosed at 20g daily did not improve intermittent sprint time in 42 healthy men.

この研究の注釈：

Reduced fatigue rates were noted with 6g creatine monohydrate supplemented for 6 days, but no performance differences were noted from placebo.

この研究の注釈：

Dosed at 30g creatine monohydrate daily for 2 weeks, followed by 15g daily for 2 more weeks.

この研究の注釈：

In patients with probable/definite Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), creatine monohydrate enhanced Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction (MVIC) significantly at the elbow (53% of subjects) and knee (70% of subjects) after the 1-week loading phase (20 g/day). However, over the 6-month maintenance phase (3 g/day), the rates of decline for both the upper and lower limbs were not statistically different from the rates of decline before treatment, suggesting no longer-term effect.

The study saw many dropouts due to initial diarrhea from the loading phase, but no abnormalities were detected in the kidney or the liver.

この研究の注釈：

Supplementation of creatine at 20g for a period of 10 days was sufficient to increase muscular creatine concentrations as well as power output (squat and bench testing) in otherwise healthy adult men (no significant changes in body weight noted, although nonsignificant trends existed); 2g trimethylglycine failed to replicate these effects, and was not additive.

この研究の注釈：

Supplementation of persons with creatine at 22g daily for a five day loading phase (with 20g lactose) and then a maintenance phase of 3.76g creatine (5g lactose) daily for a period of seven weeks failed to increase any parameter of physical performance or muscular strength relative to placebo, despite a weight gain seen with supplementation.

この研究の注釈：

Used creatine monohydrate and phosphate salts (5g monohydrate, 4g phosphate) whereas no benefit was noted as assessed by the Critical Power Test (despite an increase in body weight).

この研究の注釈：

Study conducted in college-aged women, used 5g Di-creatine citrate four times a day (20g creatine total)

14.5% +/- 3.5% increase in measured electromyographic fatigue threshold.

この研究の注釈：

15g loading period (5 days) and 3g maintenance in soccer (football) players for 8 weeks

Uric acid and blood glucose tended to decrease, while liver and kidney function showed no adverse signs.

この研究の注釈：

Creatine aided in sprint performance when conducted in hot environments in men acclimatized to hot environments.

No differences between placebo and creatine in regards to thermoregulation beyond a higher water content in the creatine group.

Dosage was 20g creatine monohydrate daily, in four divided doses of 5g

この研究の注釈：

20g a day for 21 days (no loading or maintenance; just straight doses) conducted in swimmers, which may explain lack of results when compared to studies in resistance training.

この研究の注釈：

Increase in capacity was statistically significant for men, and the increase when both genders were accounted for was not stastistically significant.

Creatine Phosphate (5g creatine monohydrate + 4g phosphate) seemed to induce greater benefit than 5g creatine monohydrate; both groups ingesting the solution 4 times days during a loading phase.

この研究の注釈：

20g a day creatine monohydrate for 7 days, followed by 10g maintenance for 21 days.

Improvements in submaximal cycling *efficiency* were noted as per a lower heart rate, but overall performance increases were not significant.

この研究の注釈：

In persons with COPD given supplementation of either placebo (glucose) or creatine (5.7g) with glucose (35.7g) thrice daily to match placebo over two weeks, then with 5.7g once daily for 11 weeks, supplementation was associated with improvements in muscular strength and well being as well as an increase in weight that was not fat mass; cardiovascular exercise performance, however, was unaffected.

この研究の注釈：

20g of creatine taken for a five day loading period followed by 5g of creatine monohydrate for the remainder of the six month trial failed to attenuate the rate of musclular power loss seen with ALS any more than placebo, although treatment was well tolerated.

この研究の注釈：

Supplementation of a loading phase of creatine (20g in four divided doses of 5g for eight days) in elite swimmers failed to improve performance in a 100m sprint despite increasing body weight and water weight (no influence on muscle mass or fat mass)

この研究の注釈：

In subjects with cholesterol exceeding 200 mg/dL, creatine supplementation (20 g/day for 5 days followed by 5 g/day for 56 days) reduced triglycerides by 23%, total cholesterol by 5-6%, and vLDL by 22%, without much effect on LDL or HDL. Urea increased mildly (17%) in women only.

この研究の注釈：

Di-creatine citrate at 20 g/day (5 g four times a day) for 5 days had no effect on body mass or the parameters measured during aerobic exercise.

この研究の注釈：

300 mg/kg/day for 7 days increased body mass (0.75 kg) and power output during sprints in the heat, but did not appear to influence heat tolerance or any parameter of cardiovascular health. A greater (relative to placebo) exercise-induced increase in aldosterone was also noted.

この研究の注釈：

20 g/day for 5 days followed by 2 g/day for 37 days in healthy sedentary omnivorous males increased muscle creatine but failed to improve VO~2~ max. Performance on intermittent sprints increased after the 5 days of loading (7.03±1.0% in the creatine group versus 3.06±1.4% in the placebo group), but the improvement after the 37 days of maintenance was not statistically significant.

この研究の注釈：

50 mg/kg/day (approximately 3.5 g, alongside 30 g of sucrose) for 6 weeks increased the circulating triglycerides and body fat percentage (+0.17%) of martial artists, but not their fat mass. Lactate and liver enzymes were lower, relative to placebo, but not to a significant extent.