creatine-creatinine

この研究の注釈：

In thirty children given creatine supplementation at around 2-5g daily (half of which were on corticosteroids) for four months of time, supplementation of creatine was associated with an increase in strength of the dominant hand (but not the other) and an almost significant reduction in whole body strength seen in placebo was prevented with creatine.

There were no improvements on activities of daily living or lung function, and there was no influence on DNA damage as assessed by the 8-OH-2-dG/creatinine ratio (but creatinine was also unaffected).

この研究の注釈：

In athletes who reported (retrospectively) creatine usage for up to four years, there was no significant adverse effect on healthy markers, although a nonsignificant trend to increase testosterone and decrease LDH (lactate dehydrogenase, a liver enzyme) was noted.

この研究の注釈：

In youth, 300 mg/kg/day for 1 week was able to improve performance on a repeated sprint test (35-m sprints, repeated six times with 10-s rests) relative to placebo, but this was not associated with any change in fatigue (assessed via fatigue index) or in biomarkers of oxidative stress, although inflammation was attenuated.

There were unclear effects on muscle damage, since creatine kinase increased while LDH (lactate dehydrogenase, a liver enzyme) decreased.

この研究の注釈：

20g of creatine taken for a five day loading period followed by 5g of creatine monohydrate for the remainder of the six month trial failed to attenuate the rate of musclular power loss seen with ALS any more than placebo, although treatment was well tolerated.

この研究の注釈：

Supplementation of a loading phase of creatine (20g in four divided doses of 5g for eight days) in elite swimmers failed to improve performance in a 100m sprint despite increasing body weight and water weight (no influence on muscle mass or fat mass)

この研究の注釈：

5 g taken four times a day (20 g/day) for 6 days was able to improve intermittent sprint performance (a 50-m sprint conducted six times with a 2-minute break in between). The decrease in speed on the third sprint was reduced from 5% to 2%, but was nonsignifiant after the sixth sprint. Biochemical parameters (heart rate, lactate, creatinine) were unaltered.

この研究の注釈：

5 g/day for 4 months in individuals with myotonic dystrophy type I (DM1) failed to improve muscular strength (handgrip) or lung function (FEV1) relative to placebo, nor was there any influence on functional tests or biochemical parameters.

この研究の注釈：

This retrospective study failed to find a link between creatine supplementation and any biomarker of health, suggesting no ill effects.

この研究の注釈：

In subjects with mitochondrial disorders associated with single gene deletions that affect the muscles around the eyes (CPEO or KSS), 150 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks failed to improve well-being, power output (handgrip strength test), or any other parameter of exercise, relative to placebo.

この研究の注釈：

In subjects with cholesterol exceeding 200 mg/dL, creatine supplementation (20 g/day for 5 days followed by 5 g/day for 56 days) reduced triglycerides by 23%, total cholesterol by 5-6%, and vLDL by 22%, without much effect on LDL or HDL. Urea increased mildly (17%) in women only.

この研究の注釈：

300 mg/kg/day for 7 days increased body mass (0.75 kg) and power output during sprints in the heat, but did not appear to influence heat tolerance or any parameter of cardiovascular health. A greater (relative to placebo) exercise-induced increase in aldosterone was also noted.

この研究の注釈：

50 mg/kg/day (approximately 3.5 g, alongside 30 g of sucrose) for 6 weeks increased the circulating triglycerides and body fat percentage (+0.17%) of martial artists, but not their fat mass. Lactate and liver enzymes were lower, relative to placebo, but not to a significant extent.