conjugated-linoleic-acid-weight

この研究の注釈：

6g of CLA daily for 6 months in obese humans did not significantly reduce fat mass relative to placebo.

AST levels were significantly lower with CLA than placebo (sunflower oil), triglycerides increased at 52 weeks to 150.5mg/dL from 118.2mg/dL (control)

この研究の注釈：

Isolated c9t11 isomer of CLA at 3g daily for 3 months, relative to oleic acid, increased insulin resistance and was highly related to the 50% increase in urinary 8-isoPGF(2)a that was noted.

CLA isomer c9t11, in this study population, was significant associated with an increase in fat mass. Placebo gained 0.53 ± 1.22kg over 3 months, and CLA gained 1.40 ± 1.34kg.

この研究の注釈：

When diets were given to healthy subjects containing 7% of the ‘test fatty acid’, and the groups were oleic acid (seen as control) and CLA in an 80/20 c9t11:t10c12 blend, about 20g CLA daily for 9 weeks.

HDL decreased and LDL increased in the CLA group *relative to* oleic acid, and to a lesser degree than industrial trans fatty acids (mostly elaidic acid)

No effects on weight relative to oleic acid, specifically, 0.0+/-0.9kg after 9 weeks, and no significant differences between caloric intake occurred.

この研究の注釈：

7 weeks of 5g CLA was more effective than placebo at increasing lean mass (males only) and reducing fat vicariously through weight training in otherwise healthy and moderately active 18-45 year olds.

Lean mass increased from 55.5+/-12.1kg to 56.8+/-13 in CLA, yet increased by 0.2kg in placebo; fat mass decreased by 0.8kg in CLA and increased 0.4kg in placebo.

この研究の注釈：

6 months of CLA usage at 4g CLA oil daily (3.2g active CLA isomers; 39.2% c9t11, 38.5% t10c12) in overweight (25-30 BMI) and mostly female persons, found no influence on metabolic rate or 24-hour respiratory quotient, but a statistically significant shift of sleeping fat oxidation and slight weight loss was noted.

この研究の注釈：

In healthy overweight humans, CLA taken at 3.4g for 2 years was able to reduce fat mass and did not influence lean mass.

Aspartate Amino transferase (liver enzyme) increased, but alanine amino transferase did not. Glucose was unchanged, body fat mass was reduced by 1.7+/-2.8kg over 2 years with no effects in the first year; bone mineral density and lean mass were unaffected.

この研究の注釈：

4.5g CLA (80% main isomers in a 50/50 split at 40% each) in overweight but otherwise healthy humans was able to turn a 0.2kg fat gain in placebo to a −1.1 ± 3.7kg weight loss (with CLA in free fatty acid form) or −1.8 ± 3.4kg (CLA triglycerides), body fat decreased and lean mass increased (1.7-2.4kg average loss, 0.6-0.7kg average gain) with no significant differences between dietary intake or exercise.

この研究の注釈：

A randomized, double-blinded and placebo-controlled trial with 28 obese women who received 3.2 g/d of CLA or placebo while performing an 8-week protocol of aerobic exercise. While all participants showed increases in oxygen uptake and decreases in body fat, there was no statistical difference in the CLA group compared to placebo. Thus, 8 weeks CLA supplementation when combined with aerobic exercise did not increase fat loss in obese women.

この研究の注釈：

4g of CLA daily in overweight adults aged 40-70 years (2.5g c9t11, 0.6g t10c12) over 6 months

Weight was not significantly differnet between groups, although a trend for weight gain attenuation was noted (0.21 ± 0.22 kg gain in CLA, 0.65 ± 0.16kg gain in placebo; P = 0.11)

この研究の注釈：

Doses above 3.4g CLA for 12 weeks (3.4, 5.1, 6.4) was associated with a decrease in fat mass and increase in lean body mass as assessed by DEXA without changes in weight, in overweight and obese humans.

Most dramatic numbers were seen with 3.4g (no dose-response noted) and were -1.73kg fat mass with +1.26kg lean mass; high inter-individual variability.

この研究の注釈：

12 weeks of 1.7g CLA in overweight and obese chinese persons was able to reduce body weight and fat mass, with seemingly more efficacy in obese persons (BMI greater than 27) and with females getting more benefit than males.

0.69kg loss over 12 weeks, statistically but not clinically significant.

この研究の注釈：

Comparing CLA against safflower oil, CLA was found to more significantly decrease weight (1.13kg from baseline over 4 weeks) in obese persons with metabolic syndrome.

Blood pressure reductions were also noted relative to baseline, and its influences on diastolic blood pressure were significantly better than safflower oil (whereas systolic was not statistically significant). No effect on pulse relative to other treatments, although lower than baseline.

この研究の注釈：

6 weeks of consumption of dairy products containing 1.421g CLA daily do not influence any of the above parameters such as weight or blood lipids.

この研究の注釈：

Over 16 weeks, obese and diabetic postmenopausal women given CLA at a dose of 8g daily reduced fat mass with no influence on lean mass when compared to safflower oil.

Fairly high dropout rate (55 to 35) with no differences between CLA or safflower.

この研究の注釈：

12 weeks of an exercise and diet program paired with placebo or CLA+chromium failed to show any significant differences relative to placebo.

この研究の注釈：

Three groups were done in overweight and unhealthy adults; milk with naturally occurring c9t11 CLA, milk with the same (1.3g/day) content of mixed isomer CLA, and milk with 0.2g CLA (CLA depleted). Each trial period was 8 weeks, with a 4 week washout, and each subject was randomized to each trial period.

No difference was noted in triglycerides or cholesterol levels between treatment periods, nor were liver enzymes altered.

この研究の注釈：

Butter, at 115g per day, was compared against butter (incorporated into foods). One was enriched with 5.5g CLA (39.4% c9t11, 38.5% t10c12) and the other had insignificant CLA levels, instead having lesser fatty acids and the subjects having to seek out additional fatty acids daily. Dietitian intervention had minimized differences, but some existed between group (CLA group reporting slightly higher caloric and PUFA intake)

Urine 8-iso-PGF2α increased to 183% of the control group after CLA ingestion, an in vivo marker of lipid peroxidation. No other changes were noted.

この研究の注釈：

In healthy and exercising normal weight men and women, CLA at 4g daily for 12 weeks was unable to influence parameters of body composition.

Women had reductions in both HDL and LDL, and lower insulin concentrations.

この研究の注釈：

1 year of 3.4g CLA daily was given to persons who lost 8% of their body weight previously to see if it would aid in body weight maintenance, in combination with continued caloric deficit.

No significant differences were seen between CLA groups and the control, olive oil placebo.

この研究の注釈：

Persons aged 35-65 with at least 2 criteria for metabolic syndrome ingested 3g of CLA via 500mL milk, relative to placebo of CLA-free milk, for 12 weeks.

Fat mass only significantly decreased when BMI was controlled for the obese class, and no changes observed in the placebo group.

この研究の注釈：

Metabolic rate was found to be increased by 4% relative to baseline over 14 weeks of consuming CLA-enriched yoghurt, despite no changes in fat mass or weight being noted; this was in comparison to non-CLA enhanced yoghurt, and without significant dietary control.

Odd method of statistical significance, metabolic rate in relation to overall mass was significant at P=0.07 (not normally accepted) but significant at P=0.03 (accepted) when in relation to fat free mass, which is what is touted in the abstract.

この研究の注釈：

Relative to safflower oil as a control at 3.5g daily, two experimental groups were used. 3.5g of oil comprising 2.7g of 50/50 CLA isomers, and 3.5g oil comprising 2.7g of jsut the c9t11 isomer. Population was overweight and hyperlipidemic men, and no dietary controls were in place (free-living conditions) over 56 days.

No differences existed in lean mass, fat mass, or weight; nor were any trends noted. A decrease in circulating TNF-a was noted with both CLA treatments, and all other parameters came back statistically insignificant.