chromium-insulin

この研究の注釈：

In type II diabetics with an HbA1c over 8.5% given 1mg of chromium via yeast, supplementation was associated with a reduction in blood glucose (11%) and HbA1c (0.7%, from 10.2% to 9.5%) alongside an increase in insulin sensitivity.

Lipid peroxidation, as assessed by TBARS, was also reduced with chromium by 18.7%. An increase in glutathoine peroxidase was noted, but catalase and SOD were unaffected.

この研究の注釈：

In older adults with evidence of memory decline, 1,000mcg chromium (as picolinate) daily for 12 weeks failed to influence glucose metabolism and did not influence depressive symptoms. Despite no influence on memory over the 12 weeks, there appeared to be significantly less inclusion errors during testing and increased activity in some regions of the right half of the brain during memory testing.

この研究の注釈：

Supplementation of 400mcg chromium (as picolinate) twice daily in obese participants with impaired glucose tolerance failed to exert any appreciable benefit relative to placebo over the course of three months.

この研究の注釈：

In five women with PCOS, supplementation of 470mcg chromium (as picolinate) twice daily for two months appeared to improve insulin sensitivity as assessed by glucose disposal rates, but no other parameter was significantly improved; insulin was nonsignificantly reduced.

この研究の注釈：

The addition of 400 or 800μg chromium (as picolinate) to a test meal containing 75g carbohydrate from breads noted that there was no significant influence on postprandial metabolism when assessing the whole group, but the subjects could be divided into responders and nonresponders where said responders reduced the glucose AUC by 30-36% (lower dose being more effective).

Insulin was not affected in any person, and the nonresponders appeared to have a more meat and milk based diet than a plant based one. Nonresponders also had a significantly higher iron and transferrin content in the blood (transferrin saturation and ferritin content similar).

この研究の注釈：

In obese type II diabetic subjects given trivalent chromium supplementation via Brewer’s Yeast (500mcg chromium) for eight weeks, supplementation was able to exert a minor hypoglycemic effect which failed to reach statistical significance (P=0.08) while trends on other biochemical parameters failed to reach statistical significance.

この研究の注釈：

4 months supplementation of 200mcg or 1,000mcg chromium (as picolinate) in type II diabetics was able to reduce fasting and postprandial blood glucose (higher dose only), fasting and postprandial insulin (both groups equally), HbA1c (higher dose only), and total cholesterol (higher dose only) with no influence on HDL nor body weight.

研究の資金源に関する問題点：

Supported by Nutrition 21, producer of chromium supplements

この研究の注釈：

Supplementation of chromium to type II diabetics for 28 weeks noted a reduction in blood glucose relative to baseline and placebo, and the minor changes in HbA1c and insulin turned out to be significant due to an increase seen in placebo. Weight and blood pressure were not significantly different, nor were any parameter of lipid metabolism measured.

この研究の注釈：

In obese type II diabetic (on medication) subjects given supplemental chromium via yeast (400 micrograms daily) for 12 weeks was associated with a decrease in blood glucose relative to placebo but all other measured biomarkers were unchanged, although a reduction in insulin and weight in both groups tended to decrease further with chromium.

Lipid peroxidation (MDA) was unaffected and the antioxidant enzymes were mostly unaffected, although a decrease in glutathoine and glutathione peroxidase seen at the end of the trial in placebo was mitigated with chromium.

この研究の注釈：

Supplementation of 1,000mcg chromium daily for three months in type II diabetics was able to shorten QTc intervals, suggesting a cardioprotective effect (as prolonged QTc intervals are indicative of cardiovascular mortality). Aside from insulin (which was also reduced), no other parameter was influenced.

この研究の注釈：

Supplementation of 400mcg chromium (as nicotinate) daily for 16 weeks in persons with HIV who were insulin resistant due to antiretroviral therapy appeared to improve insulin sensitivity and some other measured parameters such as triglycerides and weight when used as adjuvant.

この研究の注釈：

Supplementation of 600mcg chromium daily for a month failed to significantly modify glycogen depletion, concentrations, or resynthesis rates surrounding exercise in untrained or minorly trained men relative to placebo.

Lactate AUC was higher with chromium intake relative to placebo.

この研究の注釈：

In otherwise active men given a carbohydrate drink with or without an additional 400mcg chromium (as picolinate) subject to a shuttle run test an hour after the drink, the addition of chromium failed to significantly alter any change that carbohydrate was able to induce relative to water control suggesting no additional benefit.

この研究の注釈：

In otherwise healthy free living adults, supplementation of chromium either as trichloride (200mcg chromium) or as yeast (5g yeast containing 10.8mcg chromium) failed to significantly influence any measured parameter in the blood despite an increase of chromium in the blood from trichloride including glucose tolerance to an oral glucose tolerance test.

この研究の注釈：

Supplementation of 1mg chromium as picolinate in obese adults over the course of 24 weeks failed to influence body weight either alone or in combination with nutritional education (teaching participants to eat better) and no other parameter in the blood or via CT scans was modified with supplementation.

この研究の注釈：

In otherwise healthy but overweight aged adults, the combination of chromium plus resistance training (relative to placebo and training) over 13 week dosed at 1,000mcg failed to augment the benefits of exercise (in reducing insulin AUC following an oral glucose tolerance test) and did not exert any hypoglycemic actions.

この研究の注釈：

In overweight women reporting intense carbohydrate cravings at least twice a week, supplementation of 1,000mcg chromium appeared to reduce hunger and cravings over the course of weight weeks which resulted in a greater reduction in overall food intake (25%) than did placebo (8%). This reduction in food intake led to weight loss, but was independent of any changes in glucose metabolism.

この研究の注釈：

The addition of 200mcg chromium (as chloride) to milk powder, relative to a milk powder placebo, in type II diabetics already on medication (gliclazide) noted that there was a reduction in blood glucose, insulin, and improvement in insulin sensitivity over the course of 16 weeks in men only.

Acute insulin response following an oral glucose tolerance test (10 minutes after) was unaffected in both sexes.

この研究の注釈：

64 women with polycystic ovarian syndrome were randomized to receive 200 µg chromium picolinate or placebo for 8 weeks, and measures of insulin sensitivity and blood lipids were measured. Insulin sensitivity improved, and blood lipid profile trended toward significance.