chromium-hba1c

この研究の注釈：

A meta-analysis on chromium in type II diabetics where supplementation lasted for over three months noted that, relative to placebo, there was a mild but significant reduction in blood glucose. HbA1c and all biomarkers of lipid metabolism, as well as weight, were all unaffected.

This meta-analysis was restricted to type II diabetics and the duration of at least three months, but at times included studies containing chromium enriched yeast and biotin supplementation alongside the chromium.

この研究の注釈：

Supplementation of 1mg chromium (in the form of chromium picolinate) in two divided doses daily for 24 weeks in type II diabetics noted that while there was a trend to increase insulin sensitivity, this was not statistically significant and only 46% of persons were considered responders.

No other changes were noted in diet, glucose metabolism, and the response to chromium was more associated with baseline insulin resistance rather than the kinetics of chromium after ingestion.

この研究の注釈：

In type II diabetics with an HbA1c over 8.5% given 1mg of chromium via yeast, supplementation was associated with a reduction in blood glucose (11%) and HbA1c (0.7%, from 10.2% to 9.5%) alongside an increase in insulin sensitivity.

Lipid peroxidation, as assessed by TBARS, was also reduced with chromium by 18.7%. An increase in glutathoine peroxidase was noted, but catalase and SOD were unaffected.

この研究の注釈：

Supplementation of chromium (400μg as pidolate) in type II diabetics was able to reduce circulating TBARS level 13.6%, which was a potency comparable to 30mg zinc supplementation and the two were minimally additive; supplementation appeared to normalize 36-50% of the difference seen between diabetics (higher baseline TBARS than normal controls) and the normal controls, while antioxidant enzymes were unaffected.

HbA1c decreased nonsignificantly in all groups.

この研究の注釈：

In obese type II diabetic subjects given trivalent chromium supplementation via Brewer’s Yeast (500mcg chromium) for eight weeks, supplementation was able to exert a minor hypoglycemic effect which failed to reach statistical significance (P=0.08) while trends on other biochemical parameters failed to reach statistical significance.

この研究の注釈：

4 months supplementation of 200mcg or 1,000mcg chromium (as picolinate) in type II diabetics was able to reduce fasting and postprandial blood glucose (higher dose only), fasting and postprandial insulin (both groups equally), HbA1c (higher dose only), and total cholesterol (higher dose only) with no influence on HDL nor body weight.

研究の資金源に関する問題点：

Supported by Nutrition 21, producer of chromium supplements

この研究の注釈：

Supplementation of chromium to type II diabetics for 28 weeks noted a reduction in blood glucose relative to baseline and placebo, and the minor changes in HbA1c and insulin turned out to be significant due to an increase seen in placebo. Weight and blood pressure were not significantly different, nor were any parameter of lipid metabolism measured.

この研究の注釈：

Six months supplementation of chromium at 400mcg via enriched yeast to type II diabetics already on medications failed to confer any additional benefits, particularly the primary outcome (to see if a 0.5% reduction in HbA1c was reached).

この研究の注釈：

Supplementation of 500-1,000mcg chromium (as picolinate) daily for six months in persons with type II diabetes on insulin therapy (but still poorly controlled) failed to find benefits with supplementation relative to placebo.

この研究の注釈：

In obese type II diabetic (on medication) subjects given supplemental chromium via yeast (400 micrograms daily) for 12 weeks was associated with a decrease in blood glucose relative to placebo but all other measured biomarkers were unchanged, although a reduction in insulin and weight in both groups tended to decrease further with chromium.

Lipid peroxidation (MDA) was unaffected and the antioxidant enzymes were mostly unaffected, although a decrease in glutathoine and glutathione peroxidase seen at the end of the trial in placebo was mitigated with chromium.

この研究の注釈：

Supplementation of 1,000mcg chromium daily for three months in type II diabetics was able to shorten QTc intervals, suggesting a cardioprotective effect (as prolonged QTc intervals are indicative of cardiovascular mortality). Aside from insulin (which was also reduced), no other parameter was influenced.

この研究の注釈：

Supplementation of 400mcg chromium (as nicotinate) daily for 16 weeks in persons with HIV who were insulin resistant due to antiretroviral therapy appeared to improve insulin sensitivity and some other measured parameters such as triglycerides and weight when used as adjuvant.

この研究の注釈：

Supplementation of brewers yeast (conferring 42 μg chromium) in newly diagnosed diabetics for three months was able to significantly reduce blood glucose (47.6%), HbA1c (from 9.5% to 6.8%), and systolic blood pressure (12%) while causing some benefit to all lipid parameters except vLDL and HDL relative to placebo.

この研究の注釈：

The addition of 400 µg chromium (as picolinate) to antipsycotic therapy in a small sample of schizophrenic persons over three months failed to significantly influence symptoms of schizophrenia relative to control as assessed by PANSS and HAM-D rating scales.

この研究の注釈：

Six months supplementation of chromium as picolinate (600µg or 1000µg) was able to nonsignificantly reduce symptoms of binge eating disorder (binge frequency) and weight relative to placebo, while HbA1c and blood glucose also failed to reach statistically significant reductions despite trends to do so.

この研究の注釈：

The addition of 200mcg chromium (as chloride) to milk powder, relative to a milk powder placebo, in type II diabetics already on medication (gliclazide) noted that there was a reduction in blood glucose, insulin, and improvement in insulin sensitivity over the course of 16 weeks in men only.

Acute insulin response following an oral glucose tolerance test (10 minutes after) was unaffected in both sexes.

この研究の注釈：

Chromium supplementation at 1,000mcg daily (as picolinate) increased the acute insulin response to glucose but failed to influence any other measured parameter of metabolic syndrome after 16 weeks supplementation in adults with signs of metabolic syndrome yet no diagnosed diabetes.

この研究の注釈：

This study used 600 µg chromium (as picolinate) in people with poorly-controlled type II diabetes for 4 months found a statistically significant mean reduction in fasting blood glucose of 15 mg/dL and 25.5 mg/dL in postprandial glucose compared to placebo control as well as a reduction in HbA1C of 0.9% versus placebo.