creatine-swimming-performance

Creatine loading following by 22-27 weeks of maintenance (3g creatine and 7g glucose) followed by another loading phase prior to competition failed to significantly improve sprint performance or prolonged swimming performance. There was a decline in growth hormone associated with the loading phase, but this was attenuated with maintenance and IGF-1 was unaffected.

Creatine loading in amateur athletes improved their swimming performance on a single 50-m sprint (by 4.6% relative to placebo) but failed to improve the 100-m sprint. When all hormones were measured in a rested state, neither growth hormone nor cortisol had changed significantly, but testosterone had increased by at least 15%.

Creatine loading in amateur athletes improved their swimming performance on a single 50-m sprint (by 4.6% relative to placebo) but failed to improve the 100-m sprint. When all hormones were measured in a rested state, neither growth hormone nor cortisol had changed significantly, but testosterone had increased by at least 15%.

Creatine loading in elite swimmers failed to improve, not only sprint times, but also power output and work volume assessed via leg extension.

Two groups took placebo for 2 weeks, then one of the groups switched to creatine for a 6-day loading phase (5 g four times per day, so 20 g/day) followed by a 6-day maintenance phase (5 g twice per day, so 10 g/day). Compared to men in the placebo group, men in the creatine group saw a 2% improvement in their 50-m swims (6 sprints separated by 3-minute breaks) but none in their 25-yd swims (10 sprints separated by 1-minute breaks). Compared to women in the placebo group, women in the creatine group saw no improvement in either type of swim.

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Two groups took placebo for 2 weeks, then one of the groups switched to creatine for a 6-day loading phase (5 g four times per day, so 20 g/day) followed by a 6-day maintenance phase (5 g twice per day, so 10 g/day). Compared to men in the placebo group, men in the creatine group saw a 2% improvement in their 50-m swims (6 sprints separated by 3-minute breaks) but none in their 25-yd swims (10 sprints separated by 1-minute breaks). Compared to women in the placebo group, women in the creatine group saw no improvement in either type of swim.

Supplementation of 5g of creatine with orange juice (7g carbohydrate) twice daily for a week appears to enhance swimming performance in the 400m sprint by selectively increasing the final 50m stretch, and there was also increased performance on a Wingate test (anaerobic capacity and power output) and the fatigue associated with the Wingate test.

Supplementation of a loading phase of creatine (20g in four divided doses of 5g for eight days) in elite swimmers failed to improve performance in a 100m sprint despite increasing body weight and water weight (no influence on muscle mass or fat mass)

5 g taken four times a day (20 g/day) for 6 days was able to improve intermittent sprint performance (a 50-m sprint conducted six times with a 2-minute break in between). The decrease in speed on the third sprint was reduced from 5% to 2%, but was nonsignifiant after the sixth sprint. Biochemical parameters (heart rate, lactate, creatinine) were unaltered.

5 g taken four times a day (20 g/day) for 6 days was able to improve intermittent sprint performance (a 50-m sprint conducted six times with a 2-minute break in between). The decrease in speed on the third sprint was reduced from 5% to 2%, but was nonsignifiant after the sixth sprint. Biochemical parameters (heart rate, lactate, creatinine) were unaltered.

In elite swimmers, 25 g/day for 4 days improved performance significantly, while 5 g/day for 2 months did not.

In elite swimmers, 25 g/day for 4 days improved performance significantly, while 5 g/day for 2 months did not.

In female swimmers, 2 g/day for 6 weeks failed to increase muscular creatine levels and thus power output, a failure probably due to the dose being too low for athletes.

27 days of creatine (20 g/day for 5 day, then 5 g/day for 22 days) failed to improve the body composition of junior swimmers. It also failed to improve their sprint (50-m sprint, 5-minute break, 100-m freestyle), but it did improve their swim-bench (30-s swim, 5-minute break, 30-s swim).

27 days of creatine (20 g/day for 5 day, then 5 g/day for 22 days) failed to improve the body composition of junior swimmers. It also failed to improve their sprint (50-m sprint, 5-minute break, 100-m freestyle), but it did improve their swim-bench (30-s swim, 5-minute break, 30-s swim).

In elite athletes (division III swimmers), a 1-week loading phase (0.3 g/kg/day) followed by a 9-day maintenance period (2.25 g/day) was associated with an improvement in the 50-m and 100-m sprint tests when only one test was performed.

5 g four times per day (20 g/day) for 5 days failed to significantly influence the exercise performance or lactate concentration of elite swimmers subject to 25-100-m sprints.